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The following events occurred in September 1939: ==September 1, 1939 (Friday)== *The German invasion of Poland began at 4:45 in the morning when the SMS ''Schleswig-Holstein'' opened fire on a garrison in Westerplatte, the first shots of World War II. The Luftwaffe began bombing raids on airfields, ships and troops. *The series of battles collectively known as the Battle of the Border began in Poland. *The Slovak Republic began a limited invasion of disputed Polish territories, meeting little resistance. *Adolf Hitler broadcast his declaration of war to the Wehrmacht at 5:40 a.m. "The Polish state has refused the peaceful settlement of relations which I desired and appealed to arms", Hitler declared. "... In order to put an end to this lunacy I have no other choice than to meet force with force from now on. The German Army will fight the battle for the honour and the vital rights of a newborn Germany with hard determination." *Polish President Ignacy Mościcki declared a state of emergency. *Benito Mussolini ordered his ambassador in Berlin to ask for a telegram releasing Italy from any obligation to take part in the war. At 9:40 a.m. Hitler obliged with a cordial telegram saying he did not "expect to need Italy's military support in these circumstances." *Hitler appeared before the Reichstag soon after 10:00 in the morning to explain his decision.〔 Those in the audience who didn't notice that Hitler was wearing a field-gray uniform instead of his usual brown jacket would have done so after he declared toward the end: "From now on I am just the first soldier of the German Reich. I have once more put on that coat that was the most sacred and dear to me. I will not take it off again until victory is assured, or I will not survive the outcome." *Polish personnel defended the Polish Post Office in Danzig for some 15 hours before surrendering. *Polish ships took minor damage in the Battle of the Danzig Bay. *Albert Forster canceled the constitution of the Free City of Danzig and decreed the region's re-incorporation into Germany. *U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt said at a press conference that "every effort" would be made by his administration to stay out of the war. *British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain appeared before the House of Commons shortly after 6:00 in the evening. "It now only remains for us to set our teeth and to enter upon this struggle, which we ourselves earnestly endeavoured to avoid, with determination to see it through to the end", Chamberlain declared. "We shall enter it with a clear conscience, with the support of the Dominions and the British Empire, and the moral approval of the greater part of the world." *At 9 p.m., British Ambassador to Germany Sir Nevile Henderson handed an ultimatum to Joachim von Ribbentrop. It declared that unless the British government received "satisfactory assurances" that Germany was prepared to withdraw from Polish territory, "His Majesty's Government will without hesitation fulfill their obligation to Poland." One hour later, the French ambassador delivered an identical note.〔 *The first International Film Festival (the forerunner to the Cannes Film Festival) was supposed to open on this day, but it was postponed indefinitely due to the day's events. The festival wound up only screening a single film, ''The Hunchback of Notre Dame''. *The mystery-adventure film ''The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes'' starring Basil Rathbone was released. *Born: Lily Tomlin, actress and comedian, in Detroit, Michigan 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「September 1939」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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